长江地面水丰水期高锰酸盐指数监测分析的一点改进

长江地面水在产水期呈黄色浑浊状态。按GB11892 -89进行高锰酸盐指数分析。滴定时 ,由于受剩余悬浮物的干挠 ,水样呈浅黄色。因而滴定终点微红色极难判断。通过本文描述方法改进后 ,滴定时样品为无色滤液。滴定终点微红色非常明显。提高了滴定分析的准确度。     

三维倾斜摄影技术在尾矿库风险防控上的运用

为提高尾矿库信息化安全管理水平,保障尾矿库安全平稳运行.采用无人机倾斜摄影技术对尾矿库及下游区域进行影像数据采集,创建尾矿库三维图像,并将尾矿库空间三维模型关键数据与企业设计数据进行对比分析,对尾矿库汛期防洪能力进行预测分析.结果表明:该技术能够及时发现尾矿库运行期间存在的隐患,防范化解尾矿库安全风险,提高预测尾矿库汛...     

Assessment of methane from agricultural field during the entire paddy cropping seasons – a case study

A systematic effort was made to assess the emission of methane from paddy fields using closed chamber technique. Methane emission measurements were performed over a year during the Kharif (wet season), Rabi (dry season), and fallow periods. Various soil parameters like redox potential, organic carbon and ferrous ion were determined to evaluate their control on methane emissions. Diurnal measurement of the flux showed a minimum (0.44?mg?m^?2?h^?1) in the morning (8?a.m.), which increased gradually to a value of 1.16?mg?m^?2?h^?1 till the evening due to the rise in soil temperature. The seasonally integrated flux (E _SIF) for CH₄ was calculated. The E _SIF for methane during Kharif and Rabi crops were found to be 5.97?g?m^?2 and 2.59?g?m^?2, respectively. It was observed that the methane flux was maximum during flowering and fertilizer application stages for both paddy cropping seasons. The redox potential was low and the ferrous ion was higher during flowering and tiller stages. The methane emission was higher at E _AIF) was calculated for methane to make a budget estimate of methane emission from rice cultivated under rain fed drought prone water regime.     

Characteristic Study of Ambient Air Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) Concentrations During Rainy and Non-Rainy Periods at a Traffic Site in Taiwan

This investigation studied the concentrations of ambient air total gaseous mercury (TGM) during the rainy periods at the Hung-Kuang traffic sampling site in central Taiwan from May 26 to June 16, 2014. The results were compared with those of a previous study for ambient air TGM during non-rainy daytime and nighttime periods at the Hung-Kuang traffic sampling site, which was conducted during March 21 to July 20, 2012. The observed mean concentration of ambient air TGM was 1.16 ng/m³ during the rainy periods at the Hung-Kuang traffic sampling site. The mean ambient air TGM concentrations were higher in the non-rainy sampling period in daytime than in the rainy sampling period from this study. The mean ratio of non-rainy sampling period in daytime to that of rainy sampling period for ambient air TGM were 3.15. Furthermore, the mean ambient air TGM concentrations were higher in the non-rainy sampling period in nighttime in than in the rainy sampling period for this study. The mean rations for non-rainy sampling period in nighttime to that of the rainy sampling period for ambient air TGM were 2.70. The results obtained in this study also revealed that the ambient air TGM concentrations during the rainy period had the lowest concentrations when compared with the other sampling sites in other world regions.     

2006年长江特枯径流特征及其原因初探

2006年长江流域出现了百年罕见的特大枯水,对长江流域用水和生态环境都产生了深远影响。使用2006年长江干支流主要水文站水情资料和长江流域气象资料,并同时考虑了三峡蓄水的影响,分析了2006年长江径流过程特征及其原因。研究发现,2006年长江径流量减少主要是汛期径流量显著减少所致,表现出“汛期特枯”的特点。径流量和水位最大降幅都出现在8~9月份,各站径流量最大减幅都超过50％,水位汛期也有显著下降。洞庭湖、汉江与历史同期相比,汛期来水也明显偏小;而鄱阳湖来水略丰,对干流枯水起到一定的缓和作用。7、8月份长江上游区（特别是屏山至宜昌区间）降水少气温高是形成长江汛期特枯的主要原因。气象变化与径流变化存在较好的对应关系。三峡蓄水使2006年10月宜昌站径流量减少了一半左右,而对10~11月大通径流减少影响率为187％。     

北运河上覆水DOM组分含量特征及对水质的影响

基于三维荧光光谱,紫外-可见光谱技术,对比分析了汛期非汛期北运河通州区域上覆水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的组成、来源及结构特征,建立了上覆水中N和P的含量与DOM组成之间的关系,确定了反映潜在富营养化生态风险的指标.结果表明,北运河通州地区上覆水中DOM含量在9.17~27.78mg/L之间,总体呈现非汛期>汛期,上游>下游,DOM含量时空特征差异显著.汛期DOM分子量与非汛期相比较小,DOM芳香程度汛期低于非汛期;在上游和下游,汛期上覆水DOM A₂₅₃/A₂₀₃大于非汛期.汛期DOM受陆源腐殖质和生物源的共同影响,而非汛期主要受微生物活动的影响.汛期蛋白质类和腐殖质类物质的浓度水平显著低于非汛期,非汛期蛋白质类组分相对占比较多,而汛期腐殖质类组分相对占比较多.在汛期,上覆水DOM中C1、C3、C4组分的最大荧光强度可间接反映北运河富营养化的潜在风险.     

黄浦江原水中土臭素冬季超标机制研究

基于黄浦江原水中土臭素浓度出现的季节性超标现象,采用高通量测序技术对比分析了夏、冬季微生物群落结构差异,发现夏、冬季水样中微生物群落结构差异显著.土臭素浓度较低的夏季水样中相对丰度较高的微生物为Microcystis、Synechococcus等蓝藻类微生物,其与嗅味物质的合成相关且易于汇集到沉积物内,导致夏季水样与冬季沉积物微生物种群相关;冬季水样中丰度较高的微生物主要为Flavobacterium、Candidatus Pelagibacter、Limnohabitans等水华蓝藻分解微生物,由此推测夏季增殖并汇集于沉积物的水华蓝藻分解是导致原水冬季土臭素超标的主要原因.本研究基于微生物种群结构分析提出了冬季原水中嗅味物质超标的可能机制,为饮用水原水嗅味污染控制提供了理论参考.     

淀山湖沉积物PAHs季节分布与风险度指数评价

对淀山湖湖体6个站位表层沉积物中多环芳烃（PAHs）进行了季节测定,结果表明,16种美国EPA优先控制的PAHs均有检出,PAHs总含量（干重）波动范围54.6~1331.2ng/g,均值373.4ng/g.与国内外大多数湖泊相比,淀山湖沉积物中PAHs含量水平属中等偏下.总含量季节变化大体为冬季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 夏季.另对出入湖口河流6个站位表层沉积物中PAHs含量测定,表现为入湖口 > 出湖口 > 湖体,季节变化特征与湖体相一致.PAHs环数所占比重为4环 > 5~6环 > 2~3环,采用特征比值法进行源解析,其主要来源是煤炭和生物质的不完全燃烧,主因子分析显示贡献率为80.22%.基于沉积物质量基准法（SQGs）,提出一种PAHs风险量化评价新方法--风险度指数法（RIM）,用此方法风险评价表明,部分单体（Acy、Ace、Ant和BaA）风险度指数RI为3.09~3.29,属中等风险水平,大多数PAHs单体风险度指数RI为0.79~2.73,相对处于中低风险水平,总体PAHs风险度指数TRI为2.64,污染状况处于中低风险水平.淀山湖作为上海市一个重要水源地,PAHs污染的潜在风险仍不可忽视.     

闽江口湿地的鸟类研究

1998－2000年对福建省闽江口湿地的鸟类资源进行了调查，共记录鸟类86种，隶属11目23科，其中古北界鸟类59种（68.6%），东洋界鸟类27种（31.4%），区系组成呈现南、北鸟类混杂分布，以古北界鸟类为主的特征，留鸟12种，占鸟类总数13.9％；迁徒鸟74种，占86.1%。该湿地鸟类的多样性表现出明显的季节性，迁徒季节鸟类的各类和数量都最多，繁殖季节则最少，该湿地有国家二级保护鸟类9种，中日修鸟保护协定名录中的鸟类49种，并对鸟类资源的保护和管理提出了建议。     

重庆市绵雨的分类与指标及其时空分布规律

按时间(季节)差异将重庆市绵雨划分为：春绵雨、初夏绵雨、盛夏绵雨、秋绵雨和冬绵雨5种。提出了重庆市绵雨的单站指标、区域指标和分区指标，进而全面分析了各季节绵雨的发生情况，揭示了重庆绵雨的时空分布规律。从季节来看，以秋绵雨最为突出，发生频率达77．9％，初夏次之，为59．6％，其它季节在30％左右；重绵雨和严重绵雨主要发生在秋季和初夏；其区域分布特征是，春季以东南部较多，盛夏分布差异相对较小，初夏、秋季和冬季都是西部和东南部多，东北部少。分别划分了各季节绵雨的分布类型变化趋势。